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【】hfear.hewell knehefasationheillheldforhis subjeehebleforhisthronehe deeofeirefhstakes.heused anattackofrussiauponturkeyasanexcusefing aboutthebined againstthetsaronbehalfofthesultan.itwasavery stlyandexceedinglyunprofitableenterprise.her franuchglory. butthehing.itgavesardinia acetovoluheewas detothe gratitudeofbothenglandandfrance. havingdeuseoftheiionalsituatiosardinia regnisedasohereiortantpowersofeurope, thecleveritalianthenprovokedaweensardinia andaustriaiheyear1859.heassuredhielfof thesupportofnapoleoninexgefortheprovincesof savoyayofnice,aliantown. thefranitalianaresdefeatedtheaustriansatgenta andsolferino,andtheforraustrianprovindduchies .florena thecapitalofthisnealyuntiltheyear1870he frenhotodefendfrance againstthegerns.assoonastheyheitalian troopseheetealcityandthehouseofsardiniatook upitsresideheoldpalaceofthequirinalhan anperor nstantine. thepope,hoovedacrosstherivertiberandhid behindtheeof nyofhispredetheexileof avignonintheyear1377.heprotestedloudlyagainstthis highhaheftofhisdoinsandaddressedlettersofappeal tothosefaithfulspathise inhisloss.theiuer,hoall, andithasbeensteadilyde thecaresofstate,thepopeeto questionsofaspiritualnature.standinghighabovethepetty quarrelsoftheeuropeanpolitis,thepapacyassudanew dignityade itaionalpoialandreligiress uode enosthanstprotestas. inthisptofthengressofviennato settletheitaliaionbykingthepeninsulaan austrianproviundone. thegernprobleoainedasyetunsolved. itprovedthestdifficultofall.thefailureoftherevolution oftheyear1848hadledtotheigrationofthere eianpeople. theseyoungfelloovedtotheuatesofarica, tobrazil,totheneerica.their anybutbyadifferentsortofn. iatfrankfort,afterthellapse ofthegernparliantandthefailureoftheliberalsto establishaury,thekingdofprussiaed bythatsaottovonbisrckfrod afearoaogainthe pletenfidehekingofprussia.thatwasallhe askedfor.theopinionoftheprussianparliantorofthe prussianpeopleiedhiotatall.hhisowneyes hehadseenthedefeatoftheliberals.hekhe beabletogetridofaustriahoutawarandhe beganbystrengtheningtheprussianar.thelandtag,exasperated athishighhahods,refusedtogivehihe neredits.bisrckdidnotevenbothertodiscuss thetter.heyhthe helpoffundsheprussianhouseofpeersandtheking placedathisdisposal.thenhelookedforanationalcause hepurposeofcreatingagreatwave ofpatriotisngallthegernpeople. ihofgernythereheduhleswig andholsteiniddleageshadbeena sourceoftrouble.bothuntriesedbyacertain nuerofdanesandaans,butalthough theyark,they anintegralpartofthedanishstateandthisledto endlessdifficulties.heavenforbidthatishouldrevivethis fotteioledbytheactsofthe reansinholstein heirabuseofthedanesandthedanesin schlesadeagreatadooftheirdanishness,andalleurope andgernnnerchors andtuvereinslisteosentintalspeechesaboutthe ``lostbrethrenandthedifferentcelleriesryingto disverobilisedher aresto``savethelostprovinces.asaustria,theofficial headofthegernion,uldnotallowprussia toaportahehabsburgtroops obilisedtooandthebinedaresofthet pohedanishfrontiersandafteraverybrave resistahepartofthedanes,oupiedthethies. thedanesappealedtoeurope,buteuropeherwise engagedandthepoordaheirfate. bisrber uponhisierialprograe.heusedthedivisionofthe spoilstopickaquarrelhaustria.thehabsburgsfellinto thetrap.theheard hisfaithfulgenerals,invadedboheaandihansix helastoftheaustriantroopshadbeeroyedat koniggratzandsadoheroadtoviennalayopen.but bisrckdidnottogotoofar.hekhewould needafehedefeated habsburgsverydetterofpeace,providedtheywould resigntheirchairnshipoftheion.hewasless rallergernstatesaken thesideoftheaustrians,andaheoprussia.the greaterpartofthenorthestatesthenfordaneion, thesoannfederadvictorious prussiaassudtheunoffian people. europestoodaghastattherapidityhheworkof nsolidationhadbeendone.englandeindifferent butfranceshowedsignsofdisapproval.napoleon ...